An Appraisal of Fluoride Distribution and Ionic Balance in Ground Water of Mundaragi Taluk, Gadag District, Karnataka, India: A Case Study

A total, 25 different ground-water samples collected in Mundaragi taluk in of Gadag district, Karnataka, India to appraise the distribution of Fluoride. pH groundwater is shown alkaline nature and ranged between 7.18 9.32 with a mean value 8.36. Fluoride content 0.86 4.63 mg/L ground water samples, with minimum (MGK24) maximum (MGK20). 48% of samples indicated fluoride below 1.4 32% indicated fluoride 2.0 3.0 mg/L. Followed by 8% samples showed ranges above 3.1. The public from villagers have been used high fluoride-bearing for drinking prolonged period and suffering fluorosis. Analytical values also predict that occurrence of minerals like apatite, fluorspar, topaz mica gets processed naturally releases into lithosphere percolates into water. present study helps find out suitable adsorbent for removal Fluoride However, respect chemistry of water, cation anion balance all were inside the recognized limit ±10%. Na+- type low in Ca2+- type groundwater Taluk. Furthermore, shown a significant positive correlation pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, negative correlation Mg2+ , which shows alkaline condition water is key role leachate forming minerals. Gibbs chart shows are fall under dominance rock weathering group with tendency towards evaporation class. Hence, interaction of rock-water pioneer cause raised the study area. showed no such substantial relation present between these variables further process different sources, geological minerals manmade activities.